[173], A variety of Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches can be found in Houston. Houston's current Chinatown and the Mahatma Gandhi District are two major ethnic enclaves, reflecting Houston's multicultural makeup. [20][21][22] These tribes are almost nonexistent today; this was most likely caused by foreign disease, and competition with various settler groups in the 18th and 19th centuries. [103][104] The record highest temperature recorded in Houston is 109 °F (43 °C) at Bush Intercontinental Airport, during September 4, 2000, and again on August 27, 2011. [154][155][156] In 2018 the city scored a 70 out of 100 for LGBT friendliness. The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. The adjoining prairie land drains into the city, which is prone to flooding. Shop for houston skyline art from the world's greatest living artists. The crane that collapsed was one of the largest cranes in the nation, possessing a 400-foot boom that could lift more than a million pounds. The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark is a public skatepark owned and operated by the city of Houston, and is one of the largest skateparks in Texas consisting of a 30,000-ft2 (2,800 m2)in-ground facility. In September 2010, Outreach Magazine published a list of the 100 largest Christian churches in the United States, and on the list were the following Houston-area churches: Lakewood, Second Baptist Church Houston, Woodlands Church, Church Without Walls, and First Baptist Church. Slightly west of the University of Houston is Texas Southern University (TSU), one of the largest historically black universities in the United States with approximately 10,000 students. Within Montrose, new gay bars began to open. [166][167] Historically, Houston has been a center of Protestant Christianity, being part of the Bible Belt. Tallest building constructed in Houston in the 1970s. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 removed the quotas, allowing for the growth of other religions. [321] Completed segments D through G provide a continuous 70.4-mile (113.3 km) limited-access tollway connection between Sugar Land, Katy, Cypress, Spring, and Porter.[321]. Three loop freeways provide north–south and east–west connectivity between Greater Houston's radial highways. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000", "How Houston has become the most diverse place in America", "In Houston, America's Diverse Future Has Already Arrived", "Meet 'Black Girl Magic,' The 19 African-American Women Elected As Judges In Texas", "Join us in Houston, America's Next Great Black Business Mecca", "Sylvester Turner mostly right; Houston is 'most diverse, "2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates", "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Houston city, Texas 2010", "Same Sex Couples Statistics by The Williams Institute", "Houston Lags Behind Other Major Texas Cities in LGBT-Friendliness", "In energy sector, coming out 'can put you at risk, "Houston 17-year-old says Lutheran school booted him for coming out of the closet", "Houston School Responds To Gay Student's Viral Video", "Equal rights law opponents deliver signatures seeking repeal", "Religion in America: U.S. The ship channel continues past Galveston and then into the Gulf of Mexico. [97] In 2002, Uptown had more than 23 million square feet (2,100,000 m²) of office space with 16 million square feet (1,500,000 m²) of class A office space.[98]. [162], Before the legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States the first marriage in Houston took place on October 5, 1972. In 2015, Southwest Airlines launched service from a new international terminal at Hobby to several destinations in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. [181] As of 2016, Muslims in the Houston area included South Asians, Middle Easterners, Africans, Turks, and Indonesians. [132][133], Per the American Community Survey's 2014-2018 estimates, Houston's age distribution was 486,083 under 15; 147,710 aged 15 to 19; 603,586 aged 20 to 34; 726,877 aged 35 to 59; and 357,834 aged 60 and older. About 20% of Houston-area residents claimed no religious affiliation, compared to about 23% nationwide. [169] The largest synagogues are Congregation Beth Yeshurun, a Conservative Jewish temple, and the Reform Jewish congregations Beth Israel and Emanu-El. Buffalo Bayou runs through Downtown and the Houston Ship Channel, and has three tributaries: White Oak Bayou, which runs through the Houston Heights community northwest of Downtown and then towards Downtown; Brays Bayou, which runs along the Texas Medical Center;[72] and Sims Bayou, which runs through the south of Houston and Downtown Houston. Due to the boom in defense jobs, thousands of new workers migrated to the city, both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs. [350], The Mayor's Office of Trade and International Affairs (MOTIA) is the city's liaison to Houston's sister cities and to the national governing organization, Sister Cities International. [36], Houston is a flat, marshy area where an extensive drainage system has been built. Therefore, Houston exercises transportation planning authority over a 2,000-square-mile (5,200 km2) area over five counties, many times larger than its corporate area. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. [71], Houston has four major bayous passing through the city that accept water from the extensive drainage system. [272][discuss], Houston's murder rate ranked 46th of U.S. cities with a population over 250,000 in 2005 (per capita rate of 16.3 murders per 100,000 population). Houston merchants profited from selling staples to farmers and shipping the farmers' produce to Galveston. Is located at Bush Intercontinental Airport the previous year building stood as the city 's population as 77.5 White! 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